Chemistry+of+Life

= CHEMISTRY OF LIFE WORKSHEETS: =





ATOMS

nucleus - protons(positive charge), neutrons (no charge)
====electrons - negetively charged particles that orbit the nucleus (1837 electrons = the mass of one proton)====

scale of an atom
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Atomic Number/Mass Number media type="custom" key="24078266"
 * Atomic Number = number of protons an element has
 * mass number = number of protons + number of Neutrons in an atom
 * [|periodic table of elements]
 * [|Elements Song- Daniel Radcliffe]

Isotope- [|Explanation of Isotopes] (advanced)

Electron Shells- [|Electron Shell Tutorial] (advanced)

Element- a substance made of only one kind of atom
Four elements make up approximately 96% of you and all living things What elements are you formed of? [|Elements in the Human Body]
 * Oxygen 65%
 * Carbon 18.5%
 * Hydrogen 9.5%
 * Nitrogen 3.2%
 * Calcium (1.5%)
 * Phosphorus (1.0%)
 * Potassium (0.35%)
 * Sulfur (0.25%)
 * Sodium (0.15%)
 * Magnesium (0.05%)
 * Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron (0.70%)
 * Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine (trace amounts)

Compound - two or more elements in exact proportion

Compounds are held together by the energy of chemical bonds compounds have properties that are different from the elements that make them up

Types of Compounds (advanced)
 * Molecular Compound ** -formed from covalant bonds covalent bonds are formed when valance(outer shell) electrons are shared between two or more atoms) co=share / valance=outer shell electrons
 * Ionic Compound ** - formed when ions of opposite charges attach to one another to form an electrically neutral compound

Build a Molecule Simulation

**Water-** essential compound for living organisms
 * A **molecule** of water has one oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
 * The unequal shearing of electrons causes the oxygen side of water to have a negative charge and the hydrogen sides of the molecuel to have positive charges. This results in water forming hydrogen bonds.

Water Unique Characteristics Summary


 * polar with positive and negative side that causes hydrogen bonding -->leads to cohesion
 * unique properties that assist with life

1. **high specific heat - water does not change temp easily making it an insulator**


 * 2. ** solvent-- breaks down other polar substances allows them to be transported throughout the body

3. ice floats- keeps supply of liquid water available on earth

4. capillary action -- helps move water through xylem cells in plants

=__** Macromolecules **__=

notes from text

 * Nucleic Acids
 * 1) macromolecules formed from chains of nucleotides
 * 2) function: provides genetic information (genetic blueprint)
 * 3) examples: DNA and RNA
 * 4) DNA makes RNA
 * 5) RNA makes Protein


 * Proteins
 * 1) Constructed from long chains of amino acids
 * 2) RNA contains instructions for making protein
 * 3) Examples from text: Amalyse (digestion) and Keratin (structure and support)
 * 4) Examples of function from text(necessary for __all__ cellular activities)
 * digestion
 * structural support
 * transport
 * communication


 * Lipids
 * 1) large molecules that __do not__ dissolve in water (non-polar)
 * 2) form protective barriers
 * 3) Examples from text: cholestertol, phospholipids, vitamin A
 * 4) Examples of functions from text
 * make up cell membranes
 * store energy
 * communication


 * Carbohydrates
 * 1) One sugar molecule, two sugar molecules or a long chain of sugar molecule( ratio= one hydrogen: 2 carbon: 1 oxygen)(example glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 )
 * 2) Function
 * store energy
 * structural support
 * communication
 * 1) Examples
 * sugars (release energy quickly)
 * Fruit
 * Starches
 * 1) Bread
 * 2) Pasta
 * Cellulose (plant-structural support)