Cell+Structure+&+Function

Cells Cell Structure and Function Test Review Outline Cell Structure and Function Overview A. Size B. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes 1. All Cells a. plasma membrane b. ribosome c. DNA 2. Prokaryotic Cells 3. Eukaryotic Cells a. Nucleus (1) nucleolus (2) nuclear membrane b. ER (1) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (2) rough endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi Apparatus d. Lysosome e. Vacuoles f. Chloroplast g. Mitochondria h. Cytoskeleton i. Cilia and Flagella

How Big are Cells?
[|Cell Size and Scale] Size of the Universe

Structures Found in All Cells
====[|Plasma Membrane](cell membrane) Controls what goes into and out of cells. Structure = primarily a phospholipid bilayer infused with proteins====
 * [|Cellular Biology by ThinkQuest] -- this is a great summary of structure and function
 * [|biology for kids -cell membrane]
 * [|Cell Membrane by Patrick Ireland]
 * History of Fluid Mosiac Model
 * Fluid Mosiac Model

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[|Ribosome]-Responsible for building proteins. Structure = 2/3 RNA, 1/3 Protein

 * [|biology for kids - ribosomes]
 * [|Ribosomes- by The Center for Molecular Biology of RNA]

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[|DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)-] Contains genetic information to build and control cells. Structure =

 * [|biology for kids]- chromosomes
 * [|DNA by DNA Learning Center] - //Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory//
 * //**transcription** - process used to convert DNA code to RNA//
 * //[|about.com explanation of transcription]//

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Two Types of Cells

 * Prokaryotic Cells **

[|Cell Structure Animation] [|Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes] [|Bacteria in your Body] [|Bacteria Cell Cam] The story of Paul the Prokaryote

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 * Eukaryotic Cells **
 * Virtual Tour of the Eukaryotic Cell **

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[|biology for kids] - the nucleus is the control center of the cell

 * [|nucleus by Cells Alive]
 * [|nucleus virtual images]

The Nucleolus (found in the nucleus)

 * [|biology online]- the nucleolus is reponsible for making ribosomes
 * [|Image of the nucleolus from molecular expressions]

The nuclear membrane (also called the nuclear envelope)

 * [|the nuclear membrane by ISCID]
 * [|the nuclear envelope from cytochemistry.net] this link does a good job of showing how the rough endoplasmic reticulum relates to the nunclear membrane

The Endoplasmic Reticulum
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 * [|biology for kids - Endoplasmic Reticulum]
 * [|thinkquest - Endoplasmic Reticulum]
 * Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- functions in making fats(lipids) and carbohydrates, also removes harmful substances from the cells. (no ribosomes = smooth)
 * Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - has ribosomes and is used to make protein

[|biology for kids - golgi apparatus]

 * [|golgi apparatus by Cells Alive]

=== Vacuole- have several functions including storage and removal of waste ===
 * [|biology for kids - vacuole]
 * [|vacuole by iscid]

[|biology for kids - chloroplast]
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 * [|chloroplast by cells alive]
 * [|chloroplast by thinkquest]
 * photosynthesis song

Mitochondria

 * [|biology for kids - mitochondria]
 * [|mitochondria by Molecular Expressions]
 * respiration-reactants = oxygen and glucose // products = energy + carbon dioxide + water
 * mitochonrdia video